Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt raises blood calcium
2. BIt lowers blood glucose
3. CIt lowers blood potassium
4. DIt raises blood sodium

Which cranial nerves are mainly involved in the gag reflex?

1. AOculomotor (III) and abducens (VI)
2. BTrigeminal (V) and facial (VII)
3. CGlossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
4. DOlfactory (I) and optic (II)

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AThyroid cancer
2. BToo much iodine in salt
3. CAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
4. DA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland

A patient has taken metformin for many years and now has tingling feet and a low haemoglobin. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. AVitamin B12 level
2. BSerum amylase
3. CThyroid antibodies
4. DBlood alcohol level

Sebelum trombolisis IV untuk stroke, batas tekanan darah mana yang umum digunakan?

1. ADi bawah sekitar 185/110 mmHg
2. BTidak ada batas tekanan darah
3. CDi atas sekitar 200/120 mmHg
4. DDi bawah sekitar 90/60 mmHg

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. ADo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up
2. BAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
3. CExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
4. DDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best

Seorang berusia 22 tahun dengan diabetes tipe 1 memiliki glukosa 28 mmol/L, keton 5,2 mmol/L, pH 7,10, dan kalium 5,9 mmol/L. Pernyataan mana tentang kalium yang benar?

1. AKalium tidak perlu diperiksa ulang setelah insulin dimulai
2. BInsulin harus ditahan untuk menjaga kadar kalium stabil
3. CKalium total tubuh tinggi, sehingga pengikat kalium diperlukan sekarang
4. DKalium total tubuh rendah, dan kadarnya akan turun dengan pengobatan

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. ALow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
2. BLow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
3. CFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
4. DFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures