Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the usual first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

1. AA permanent urinary catheter
2. BSurgery straight away
3. CPelvic floor muscle training
4. DRestricting fluids to half a litre a day

Tingkat cedera medula spinalis mana yang paling mungkin menghentikan kerja diafragma?

1. ACedera lengkap pada L3 atau di bawahnya
2. BCedera lengkap pada T10 atau di bawahnya
3. CCedera lengkap pada S2 atau di bawahnya
4. DCedera lengkap pada C3 atau di atasnya

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. AFrequent urinary infections in childhood
2. BA diet high in fruit
3. CSmoking
4. DDrinking a lot of water

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable
2. BInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
3. CInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
4. DUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AEating smaller, more frequent meals
2. BAvoiding large meals late in the evening
3. CRaising the head of the bed at night
4. DMagnesium-containing antacids

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ARegular forced vital capacity measurements
2. BPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator
3. COxygen saturation alone
4. DDaily chest X-rays

Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the needles
2. BNot enough fluid is being removed
3. CFluid is being removed too quickly
4. DThe dialysate is too cold

A patient has fever, confusion, odd behaviour and a new seizure. Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Which drug is usually started straight away?

1. AOral prednisolone
2. BIV aciclovir
3. COral amoxicillin
4. DIV insulin