Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
2. BA tumour of the adrenal medulla
3. CA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland
4. DLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. AGetting lost in places that were familiar
2. BA sudden onset with attention that comes and goes
3. CMemory problems in a person over the age of 75
4. DDifficulty finding the right words

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AAn injury to the outer ear only
2. BA simple scalp laceration
3. CA fracture of the base of the skull
4. DA fractured jaw

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. AMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
2. BCheck the weight once a week
3. CGive large amounts of IV fluid
4. DEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. ARestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool
2. BAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
3. CA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal
4. DUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. ADouble the dose if a seizure happens
2. BTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption
3. CExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
4. DReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks

A patient taking amiodarone has gained weight and feels tired and cold. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. ASerum ferritin
2. BThyroid function tests
3. CSerum amylase and lipase levels
4. DBlood alcohol level

Masalah waktu pemberian obat mana yang penting bagi pasien hemodialisis?

1. AObat yang dapat didialisis mungkin perlu diberikan setelah sesi
2. BSemua obat harus diberikan tepat sebelum sesi
3. CTidak ada obat yang dapat diminum pada hari dialisis
4. DDialisis tidak mengeluarkan obat apa pun