Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Mengapa CT scan kepala harus dilakukan sebelum trombolisis untuk stroke?

1. AUntuk menyingkirkan perdarahan, yang akan diperburuk oleh trombolisis
2. BUntuk memeriksa apakah pasien pernah mengalami stroke sebelumnya
3. CUntuk mengukur sudah berapa lama gejala dimulai
4. DUntuk melihat apakah pasien juga mengalami fraktur tengkorak

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. AAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks
2. BDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics
3. CContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
4. DNo extra precautions, because it is not infectious

Why can a new arteriovenous fistula not be used straight away?

1. AThe stitches must be removed first
2. BThe arm must be in plaster for a month
3. CThe vein needs weeks to enlarge and thicken
4. DThe artery must first grow back to its full size

A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?

1. AThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
2. BProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion
3. CThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
4. DThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
2. BBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
3. CBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
4. DBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThere is no difference compared with other patients
2. BThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
3. CThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed
4. DThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive

Seorang pasien dengan dugaan stroke tiba dua jam setelah onset. Glukosa kapiler 2,4 mmol/L (43 mg/dL). Apa yang harus dilakukan selanjutnya?

1. AMemberikan trombolisis segera tanpa pemeriksaan lebih lanjut
2. BMemberikan insulin IV untuk melindungi sel otak
3. CMengabaikan glukosa, karena tidak relevan untuk penilaian stroke
4. DMengobati glukosa rendah dan menilai ulang tanda neurologis

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the tablets again after every vomit
2. BEscalate urgently for steroid by injection
3. COmit the steroid until the vomiting stops
4. DGive the next dose with a glass of milk