Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt lowers blood glucose
2. BIt raises blood sodium
3. CIt raises blood calcium
4. DIt lowers blood potassium

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

1. AKernig's sign
2. BTrousseau's sign
3. CChvostek's sign
4. DBattle's sign

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
2. BAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
3. CMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
4. DA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs

Which statement about giving IV potassium is correct?

1. AIt is safest given through a small vein in the hand at a fast rate
2. BIt needs no monitoring at all once the infusion is running
3. CIt is diluted and given through an infusion pump, never as a bolus
4. DIt can be given quickly as a push to correct the level fast

A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?

1. AAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels
2. BDrink it daily to protect the kidney
3. CIt has no effect on these drugs
4. DDrink it with each dose to improve the absorption

Temuan urine mana yang paling membedakan diabetes insipidus dari SIADH?

1. ADI menghasilkan urine encer; SIADH menghasilkan urine pekat
2. BDI menghasilkan urine pekat; SIADH menghasilkan urine encer
3. CDI menghasilkan glukosa dalam urine; SIADH menghasilkan protein
4. DKedua kondisi menghasilkan urine sangat pekat

A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?

1. ATo replace the potassium lost from the cells
2. BTo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles
3. CTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
4. DTo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. AA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
2. BSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
3. CNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
4. DA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas