Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. AAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle
2. BDamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord
3. CCompression of a nerve root in the lower back
4. DLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA fracture of the base of the skull
2. BAn injury to the outer ear only
3. CA fractured jaw
4. DA simple scalp laceration

After an acute stroke, what must happen before the patient is given food, drink or oral medicines?

1. AA chest X-ray to check the lungs
2. BA check that bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants
3. CA full set of blood tests
4. DA swallow screen by a trained professional

Lima belas menit setelah diobati dengan tablet glukosa, glukosa pasien naik dari 3,2 menjadi 5,1 mmol/L. Makan berikutnya dua jam lagi. Apa yang harus dilakukan selanjutnya?

1. AMemberikan camilan karbohidrat kerja lebih lama, seperti sandwich
2. BTidak perlu tindakan lebih lanjut sampai makan berikutnya disajikan nanti
3. CMemberikan dosis biasa insulin kerja cepat segera
4. DMemberikan dosis tablet glukosa lagi untuk menaikkannya lebih tinggi

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. ADiarrhoea and heavy sweating
2. BDry mouth and constipation
3. CA cough and a raised potassium
4. DWeight loss and a fast tremor

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AAn oral anticoagulant
2. BA loop diuretic
3. CA proton pump inhibitor
4. DA beta-agonist inhaler

A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
2. B"I will pass urine soon after sex."
3. C"I will wipe from front to back."
4. D"I will drink enough fluids during the day."

Two days after a spinal cord injury, a patient has a swollen abdomen, no bowel sounds and is vomiting. What is most likely, and what is the nursing action?

1. AA full bladder, so encourage oral fluids
2. BAn allergic reaction to food, so give an antihistamine
3. CParalytic ileus, so keep nil by mouth and prepare for an NG tube
4. DNormal constipation, so give a large meal to stimulate the bowel