Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. ALoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord
2. BAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle
3. CToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia
4. DLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra

Which picture is typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. AMuscle weakness that worsens late in the day and improves with rest
2. BRising weakness from the legs, weeks after an infection
3. CA resting tremor that slowly spreads to the other hand
4. DA sudden one-sided facial droop with slurred speech

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
3. CIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys
4. DIt is caused by repeated urinary infections

A patient who has had type 1 diabetes for 30 years says they no longer feel the warning signs of a hypo. What is this called?

1. AThe dawn phenomenon
2. BHypoglycaemia unawareness
3. CDiabetic ketoacidosis
4. DInsulin resistance

What is the dexamethasone suppression test used for?

1. ATo measure kidney function
2. BTo diagnose diabetes insipidus
3. CTo help diagnose Cushing's syndrome
4. DTo check thyroid function

Which symptoms are typical of hypokalaemia?

1. AHeat intolerance and weight loss
2. BExcess thirst and very high glucose
3. CTingling lips and facial twitching
4. DMuscle weakness, cramps and palpitations

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. ATamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes
2. BThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
3. CThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention
4. DIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
2. BVomiting proves that rejection has already happened
3. CThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
4. DThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants