Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. AOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
2. BA tight band around the head that comes and goes
3. CSudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute
4. DSlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ANot drinking enough water
2. BEating too much fruit
3. CDrinking too much water
4. DTaking too much insulin

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. AOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory
2. BEye opening, verbal response and motor response
3. CReflexes, muscle tone and sensation
4. DPupil size, pulse and blood pressure

Before a haemodialysis catheter is used, why is the lock solution withdrawn from each lumen?

1. AIt contains the patient's urine
2. BIt contains air that keeps the line open
3. CIt contains a strong antibiotic that must be kept
4. DIt contains concentrated anticoagulant

Which measure best detects a decline in breathing in a patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ARegular forced vital capacity measurements
2. BOxygen saturation alone
3. CDaily chest X-rays
4. DPeak flow before and after a bronchodilator

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. ALate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
2. BGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse
3. CLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
4. DLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3,5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. AWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
2. BSeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
3. CDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
4. DStop insulin until the vomiting has settled

A large pituitary tumour presses on the optic chiasm. Which visual field defect is most typical?

1. ALoss of central vision in both eyes
2. BComplete blindness in one eye only
3. CLoss of the inner half of the field in both eyes
4. DLoss of the outer half of the field in both eyes