Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the lowest possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. A0
2. B5
3. C3
4. D1

Apa yang dimaksud dengan cedera ginjal akut (AKI)?

1. APenurunan fungsi ginjal yang cepat dalam hitungan jam hingga hari
2. BBatu ginjal tanpa perubahan fungsi
3. CHilangnya fungsi ginjal yang lambat dan permanen selama bertahun-tahun
4. DInfeksi bakteri pada jaringan ginjal

A patient with advanced CKD has a high potassium. Which foods are often limited?

1. AApples, berries and cabbage
2. BEgg whites, chicken and fish
3. CWhite rice, pasta and bread
4. DBananas, potatoes and oranges

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ADrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
2. BTake extra vitamin C supplements
3. CCut all calcium out of the diet
4. DDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
2. B"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."
3. C"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."
4. D"Someone will stay with me for the first night."

Which statement about giving IV potassium is correct?

1. AIt can be given quickly as a push to correct the level fast
2. BIt needs no monitoring at all once the infusion is running
3. CIt is diluted and given through an infusion pump, never as a bolus
4. DIt is safest given through a small vein in the hand at a fast rate

A patient with type 1 diabetes has a seizure on the ward. Their capillary glucose is 1,9 mmol/L (34 mg/dL). They cannot swallow. What is the most appropriate treatment?

1. AA rapid-acting insulin dose to stabilise the glucose
2. BAn antiepileptic drug only, because seizures need seizure treatment
3. CIV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
4. DGlucose gel squeezed into the mouth during the seizure

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. AEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
2. BStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
3. CGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
4. DTreat the confusion with a sedative