Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

In peritoneal dialysis, what acts as the dialysis membrane?

1. AThe lining of the abdominal cavity
2. BA filter in a machine outside the body
3. CThe wall of the bladder
4. DThe lining of the stomach

How is the pain of renal colic typically described?

1. ABurning pain in the chest after meals
2. BA dull ache in the lower back after lifting
3. CSevere pain that comes in waves from the loin to the groin
4. DPain in the right lower abdomen that started near the navel

Which common painkiller can harm the kidneys, especially in dehydration?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen)
2. BCodeine
3. CIbuprofen
4. DMorphine

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. ADialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
2. BThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
3. CDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
4. DHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting

Tindakan keperawatan mana yang membantu mencegah peningkatan tekanan intrakranial?

1. AMelakukan semua perawatan dan pengisapan dalam satu sesi panjang
2. BMencegah konstipasi dan menjarangkan perawatan
3. CMendorong batuk keras setiap jam
4. DMembaringkan pasien datar dengan pinggul ditekuk tajam

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
2. BBacteria that convert nitrate are present
3. CThe urine has a lot of glucose in it
4. DThe kidneys are losing too much protein

Seorang pasien hemodialisis bertanya mengapa cairan di antara sesi harus dibatasi. Penjelasan mana yang benar?

1. APembatasan cairan terutama untuk mempersingkat waktu di mesin
2. BMinum air membuat dialisis mengeluarkan terlalu banyak kalium dari darah
3. CCairan berlebih menumpuk, menaikkan TD dan menyebabkan sesak napas serta kram saat dialisis
4. DCairan tambahan melemahkan dinding fistula dan membuatnya lebih mungkin pecah

An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?

1. AAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall
2. BMyoclonic seizure
3. CAbsence seizure
4. DFocal impaired awareness seizure