Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which substance do the kidneys release that helps raise blood pressure?

1. AThyroxine
2. BInsulin
3. CRenin
4. DBile

Which symptoms are typical of cystitis (a bladder infection)?

1. ABurning on passing urine, frequency and urgency
2. BPainless red urine with clots
3. CHigh fever, shaking rigors and pain in the loin
4. DSwelling of the ankles and frothy urine

Kelompok gejala mana yang khas untuk hipotiroidisme?

1. ADiare, ansietas, berkeringat, dan mata menonjol
2. BTidak tahan panas, penurunan berat badan, tremor halus, dan palpitasi
3. CSangat haus dan buang air kecil dalam volume besar
4. DTidak tahan dingin, lelah, penambahan berat badan, dan konstipasi

Seorang pasien dengan insufisiensi adrenal primer mengalami demam. Apa nasihat hari sakit yang biasa untuk penggantian steroid?

1. AMempertahankan dosis biasa dan menghindari minum cairan tambahan untuk saat ini
2. BMengurangi dosis setengahnya untuk mengurangi efek samping
3. CMeningkatkan dosis glukokortikoid, sering menggandakannya
4. DMenghentikan steroid sampai demam mereda

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA strict low-protein diet
2. BA diet very high in caffeine for energy
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA low-calorie diet to protect the heart

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. ASit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
2. BGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
3. CLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
4. DFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal

Seorang pasien hemodialisis bertanya mengapa cairan di antara sesi harus dibatasi. Penjelasan mana yang benar?

1. ACairan berlebih menumpuk, menaikkan TD dan menyebabkan sesak napas serta kram saat dialisis
2. BCairan tambahan melemahkan dinding fistula dan membuatnya lebih mungkin pecah
3. CPembatasan cairan terutama untuk mempersingkat waktu di mesin
4. DMinum air membuat dialisis mengeluarkan terlalu banyak kalium dari darah

A patient with a known ureteric stone develops a fever of 39 °C (102,2 °F) and rigors. Scanning shows a blocked, swollen kidney. What is needed?

1. AOral antibiotics and waiting for the stone to pass
2. BUrgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
3. CStrong pain relief alone, then discharge
4. DA fluid restriction to reduce the swelling