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In behaviour therapy, what is positive reinforcement?

1. ARemoving a reward so that a behaviour becomes less likely
2. BIgnoring all of the patient's behaviour so that the patient learns to cope alone without staff
3. CAdding an unpleasant consequence so that a behaviour stops
4. DAdding a reward after a behaviour so that the behaviour becomes more likely

A patient stops speaking in the middle of a sentence and cannot remember what he was saying. What is this called?

1. AClang association
2. BFlight of ideas
3. CThought blocking
4. DWord salad

What is a token economy?

1. AA form of punishment in which a privilege is removed for every ward rule that the patient breaks
2. BA method of group therapy based on discussing money problems
3. CA system that lets patients pay for their own medicines and snacks while on the ward
4. DA programme in which patients earn tokens for target behaviours and swap them for rewards

A patient taking sertraline wants to take ibuprofen regularly for arthritis. What should the nurse teach?

1. AThe combination is completely safe because they act on different systems
2. BIbuprofen will make the sertraline work faster
3. CIbuprofen should be taken instead of sertraline on the days when the arthritis pain is bad, to avoid any interaction
4. DThe combination increases the risk of bleeding, especially in the stomach, so discuss it with the prescriber

A patient who has taken lithium for 3 years reports tiredness, weight gain, feeling cold and constipation. Which problem should be checked?

1. AHyperthyroidism
2. BHypothyroidism
3. CAgranulocytosis
4. DSerotonin syndrome

Beberapa jam setelah dosis pertama haloperidol, leher seorang pemuda terpuntir ke satu sisi dan matanya berputar ke atas. Apa ini?

1. ADiskinesia tardif
2. BSindrom serotonin
3. CDistonia akut
4. DSindrom neuroleptik maligna

A patient with dementia repeatedly walks towards the ward exit, saying he must go to work. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AWalk with him, acknowledge his concern and gently redirect him to an activity
2. BUse a physical restraint in a chair for the rest of the day so that he stays safe and cannot reach the exit
3. CLock him in his room so that he cannot leave
4. DTell him firmly that he has been retired for 20 years

A patient who believes he is a famous religious leader becomes upset when other patients laugh at him. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

1. AAgree that he is the religious leader so that he feels respected
2. BEncourage the other patients to explain why the belief is wrong
3. CProtect him from ridicule, avoid arguing and focus on real activities
4. DAsk him to prove his identity in front of the group, so that the laughing stops