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Which congenital heart defect causes cyanosis?

1. AAtrial septal defect
2. BTransposition of the great arteries
3. CSmall ventricular septal defect with a left-to-right shunt
4. DPatent ductus arteriosus

Why must a toddler never be left alone in the bath, even for a moment?

1. AA young child can drown silently in a few centimetres of water
2. BThe bath water cools quickly and causes hypothermia
3. CSoap left on the skin irritates a toddler's skin
4. DA toddler left alone gets bored, cries and tries to climb out of the bath

Which supplement, taken before conception and in early pregnancy, reduces the risk of spina bifida?

1. AIron
2. BVitamin C
3. CFolic acid
4. DCalcium carbonate

Pada usia berapa genggaman pinset (mengambil benda kecil di antara ibu jari dan telunjuk) biasanya berkembang?

1. ASekitar 3 bulan
2. BSekitar 9 sampai 10 bulan
3. CSekitar 18 bulan
4. DSekitar 2 tahun

How should a 3-year-old use a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AWith a spacer and face mask, taking several normal breaths after each puff
2. BWith a spacer, giving all the prescribed puffs into it at the same time
3. CDirectly into the mouth without a spacer, while breathing in as fast as possible
4. DWith a spacer and mask, holding the breath for 10 seconds after each puff

Which medicine may be used to close a patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm baby?

1. AProstaglandin E1
2. BIbuprofen or indomethacin
3. CSalbutamol
4. DIntravenous furosemide infusion

The parents of a 5-year-old refuse a life-saving blood transfusion for religious reasons. What generally happens?

1. AThe team waits until the child is old enough to make the decision for himself
2. BRespect beliefs where possible, explore alternatives and seek legal authority if needed
3. CThe nurse gives the transfusion secretly while the parents are out of the room, to save time
4. DThe team must withhold it, because parents always have the final say in every case

The 7-year-old brother of a child with cancer has started misbehaving at school. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AHe is copying behaviour from other children in his class
2. BIt is unrelated to the illness and is normal for his age
3. CHe may feel worried, jealous or left out and needs attention and information
4. DHe has developed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and needs medicine