Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Why are corticosteroids such as betamethasone given to a woman at risk of preterm birth?

1. ATo prevent infection in the mother
2. BTo speed up fetal lung maturity
3. CTo lower the mother's blood glucose
4. DTo stop contractions completely

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
2. BInhaled corticosteroids
3. CLeukotriene receptor antagonists
4. DShort-acting beta-2 agonists

Benzodiazepin seperti diazepam bekerja dengan meningkatkan efek neurotransmiter apa?

1. AGlutamat
2. BSerotonin
3. CGABA
4. DNoradrenalin

A patient takes regular paracetamol (acetaminophen) at home. Which teaching point best prevents accidental overdose?

1. ATake paracetamol with alcohol to improve absorption
2. BUse paracetamol only on an empty stomach
3. CTake an extra dose if the first one does not work within 10 minutes
4. DCheck cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol

Why is propranolol usually avoided in patients with asthma?

1. AIt blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways and can cause bronchospasm
2. BIt causes tolerance to inhaled corticosteroids
3. CIt stimulates alpha-1 receptors in the airways and raises blood pressure
4. DIt increases mucus production by blocking histamine

Which early signs suggest systemic toxicity from a local anaesthetic?

1. ANumbness around the mouth, metallic taste and tinnitus
2. BHeavy sweating, salivation and diarrhoea
3. CItchy rash and swelling only at the injection site
4. DPinpoint pupils and slow, shallow breathing

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis takes oral propranolol, a drug with a high first-pass metabolism. What effect is expected?

1. ALess drug is absorbed from the gut, so a higher dose is needed
2. BThe drug is excreted faster by the kidney, so it works for a shorter time
3. CThe first-pass effect increases, so the drug becomes inactive
4. DMore drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed

Klirens suatu obat turun menjadi separuh akibat gagal ginjal, sementara volume distribusinya tetap. Apa yang terjadi pada waktu paruhnya?

1. ATetap sama
2. BBerlipat dua
3. CBerkurang separuh
4. DNaik empat kali lipat