Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. AReplaces alcohol as a sedative
2. BCauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
3. CBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving
4. DSpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol

Organ mana yang mengekskresikan sebagian besar obat larut air dan metabolitnya?

1. AGinjal
2. BHati
3. CKulit
4. DParu-paru

How does tramadol relieve pain?

1. ABlocking sodium channels in peripheral nerves
2. BWeak opioid agonism plus inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline
3. CAntagonising NMDA receptors in the spinal cord and blocking sodium channels
4. DBlocking COX enzymes in the periphery

Why is a spacer recommended with a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AIt turns the inhaler into a nebuliser
2. BIt doubles the dose of drug released by each puff of the inhaler
3. CIt removes the need to shake the inhaler
4. DMore drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth

Which statement about allopurinol is correct?

1. AIt works within an hour to relieve joint pain
2. BIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals
3. CIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles
4. DIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack

A 19-year-old starts an SSRI for depression. Which is most important for the nurse to monitor during the first weeks?

1. ABlood glucose before every meal and at bedtime
2. BNew or worsening suicidal thoughts or agitation
3. CHearing loss and tinnitus
4. DDaily bowel movements only

A patient receiving a phenylephrine infusion has a rise in blood pressure and a fall in heart rate. What is the best explanation?

1. APhenylephrine stimulates muscarinic receptors
2. BAlpha-1 vasoconstriction raises blood pressure and causes reflex bradycardia
3. CPhenylephrine directly blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart's conduction system
4. DThe fall in heart rate shows phenylephrine toxicity of the AV node

A patient on warfarin also takes ginkgo and high-dose garlic supplements and is having minor surgery next week. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore the supplements, as natural products are safe with warfarin
2. BTell the surgical team, as the supplements can increase bleeding
3. CAdvise taking extra supplements to improve healing
4. DAdvise stopping warfarin without telling anyone