Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Why is HIV treated with a combination of antiretroviral drugs?

1. ATo suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance
2. BBecause each single drug cures only part of the infection
3. CTo make the treatment shorter, usually a few weeks
4. DBecause one drug alone causes no side effects

Stimulation of which receptor increases heart rate and the force of contraction?

1. ABeta-2 adrenergic receptor
2. BBeta-1 adrenergic receptor
3. CMuscarinic M2 receptor
4. DAlpha-2 adrenergic receptor

Vitamin D supplements support bone health mainly by:

1. AIncreasing calcium loss in the urine
2. BReplacing collagen in bone
3. CStimulating osteoclasts to break down bone
4. DIncreasing calcium absorption from the gut

100 mL of an antibiotic is to be given over 30 minutes using a giving set of 20 drops/mL. What is the drip rate?

1. AAbout 33 drops per minute
2. BAbout 67 drops per minute
3. CAbout 20 drops per minute
4. DAbout 100 drops per minute

A patient with difficulty swallowing is prescribed several tablets. Which one should not be crushed?

1. AA tablet that the pharmacist says may be crushed
2. BA modified-release (extended-release) tablet
3. CA plain aspirin dispersible tablet
4. DA plain paracetamol tablet

When does oseltamivir give the most benefit in influenza?

1. AOnly after symptoms have lasted at least one week
2. BOnly after a bacterial pneumonia has developed
3. CAt any time, as the timing makes no difference
4. DWhen started within 48 hours of the first symptoms

A patient has received a sodium nitroprusside infusion for several days. He becomes confused and develops a metabolic acidosis. What should be suspected?

1. ACyanide toxicity from nitroprusside breakdown
2. BAn allergic reaction to the plastic of the infusion bag
3. CHyperkalaemia from the infusion
4. DHypoglycaemia from nitroprusside

Mengapa penghambat ACE dapat menyebabkan cedera ginjal akut pada pasien dengan stenosis arteri renalis bilateral?

1. ALFG bergantung pada angiotensin II yang menyempitkan arteriol eferen
2. BPenghambat ACE bersifat toksik langsung bagi sel tubulus proksimal di ginjal
3. CPenghambat ACE menyempitkan arteriol aferen
4. DObat mengkristal di tubulus ginjal