Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Psyllium (ispaghula husk) is which type of laxative?

1. ABulk-forming
2. BStimulant
3. CStool softener
4. DOsmotic

Which drug is the antidote for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose?

1. AFlumazenil
2. BAcetylcysteine
3. CVitamin K
4. DNaloxone

Which description fits insulin glargine?

1. AAn intermediate-acting cloudy insulin with a clear peak
2. BA rapid-acting insulin given with each meal
3. CA long-acting basal insulin with no marked peak
4. DAn oral tablet that makes the pancreas release insulin

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. ANo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
2. BBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
3. CA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
4. DAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AOnly when heartburn is severe
2. BAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
3. CWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
4. DStraight after a large evening meal

Jenis diuretik apa yang bekerja di lengkung asendens tebal ansa Henle?

1. ADiuretik tiazid
2. BDiuretik hemat kalium
3. CDiuretik kuat (loop) seperti furosemid
4. DDiuretik osmotik

A patient who used heroin a few hours ago is given a first dose of buprenorphine and quickly develops severe withdrawal. Why?

1. ABuprenorphine is a pure antagonist like naloxone with no agonist effect
2. BBuprenorphine causes an allergic reaction in heroin users
3. CBuprenorphine has no effect at opioid receptors
4. DBuprenorphine is a high-affinity partial agonist that displaces heroin

Pada overdosis aspirin, urine dapat dibuat basa dengan natrium bikarbonat. Mengapa hal ini meningkatkan ekskresi salisilat?

1. ALebih banyak salisilat terionisasi di tubulus, sehingga lebih sedikit yang direabsorpsi
2. BUrine basa meningkatkan filtrasi glomerulus
3. CBikarbonat mempercepat metabolisme salisilat di hati menjadi bentuk tidak aktif
4. DBikarbonat mengikat salisilat dan membuatnya tidak aktif