Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Oxytocin is used in obstetrics mainly to:

1. AMature the fetal lungs before birth
2. BInduce or strengthen contractions and prevent postpartum bleeding
3. CLower blood pressure in pre-eclampsia
4. DStop preterm labour by relaxing the uterine muscle

Vitamin D supplements support bone health mainly by:

1. AIncreasing calcium absorption from the gut
2. BIncreasing calcium loss in the urine
3. CStimulating osteoclasts to break down bone
4. DReplacing collagen in bone

What is physical dependence on a drug?

1. AWithdrawal symptoms appear if the drug is stopped suddenly
2. BThe person has an allergy to the drug
3. CThe drug no longer has any effect, even at much higher doses
4. DThe person takes the drug only when needed

Antipsikotik tipikal seperti haloperidol terutama bekerja dengan memblokir:

1. AReseptor dopamin D2
2. BAsetilkolinesterase
3. CAmbilan kembali serotonin
4. DReseptor GABA-A

Why is propranolol usually avoided in patients with asthma?

1. AIt stimulates alpha-1 receptors in the airways and raises blood pressure
2. BIt blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways and can cause bronchospasm
3. CIt increases mucus production by blocking histamine
4. DIt causes tolerance to inhaled corticosteroids

Efek samping mana yang khas untuk metoklopramid, terutama pada orang muda?

1. AKonstipasi berat
2. BGangguan gerak ekstrapiramidal seperti distonia akut
3. CGlukosa darah rendah
4. DBatuk kering

A ventilated ICU patient receives vecuronium, a neuromuscular blocker. Why must sedation and pain relief also be given?

1. AVecuronium stops working unless a sedative is also given
2. BVecuronium causes severe pain at the injection site
3. CNeuromuscular blockers paralyse muscles but do not cause sedation or analgesia
4. DSedatives are needed to prevent vecuronium from causing seizures and agitation

A patient is switched from oral to intravenous morphine. Why is the IV dose lower than the oral dose?

1. AOral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
2. BIV morphine is excreted much more slowly by the kidney than oral morphine
3. CThe oral route causes tolerance faster than the IV route
4. DIV morphine is a stronger chemical form of the drug