1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A patient uses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after surgery. Which statement by a family member shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will tell the nurse if she becomes very sleepy or hard to wake.”
- B“The pump has limits set by the nurse so she cannot get too much at once.”
- C“I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”
- D“Only she should press the button when she needs pain relief.”
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
A patient taking an MAO inhibitor antidepressant is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“A sudden severe headache is a warning sign.”
- B“I will check with the pharmacist before cold remedies.”
- C“I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
- D“I will avoid tap beer and red wine.”
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
A patient receiving continuous nasogastric feeding has pulled the tube partly out. What should the nurse do first?
- AStop the feeding until the tube position is checked
- BPush the tube back in and restart the feed
- CTape the tube in its new position and continue
- DIncrease the feed rate to make up for the lost time
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
A nurse teaches a patient who has had a splenectomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will keep my vaccinations up to date.”
- B“Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
- C“I will tell all of my health care providers that I have no spleen.”
- D“I will get medical help quickly if I get a high temperature.”
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?
- AThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
- BIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
- CIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
- DIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis has a hemoglobin of 10,5 g/dL (105 g/L), a low serum iron, a low total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and a high-normal ferritin. Which condition fits best?
- AAnemia of chronic disease (inflammation)
- BIron-deficiency anemia
- CAcute blood loss anemia
- DVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
Un paziente neutropenico dopo chemioterapia ha una temperatura di 38,3 °C. Qual è la priorità?
- AAttendere 24 ore per vedere se la febbre si risolve
- BTrattarlo come sepsi neutropenica e somministrare con urgenza antibiotici EV
- CSomministrare solo paracetamolo e ricontrollare di nuovo la temperatura domani
- DIncoraggiare il paziente a fare una passeggiata
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
Un paziente dopo protesi totale d'anca ha improvvisamente un forte dolore all'anca, l'arto accorciato e ruotato. Qual è la complicanza più probabile?
- ALussazione della protesi
- BTrombosi venosa profonda del polpaccio
- CInfezione della ferita
- DRitenzione urinaria
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?
- AHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
- BHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
- CHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
- DHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
Un paziente con scompenso cardiaco è dispnoico a riposo, con estremità fredde, PA sistolica 80 mmHg e diuresi in calo. Che cosa suggerisce?
- ALieve disidratazione che i liquidi orali correggeranno
- BScompenso cardiaco cronico stabile e ben compensato
- CShock cardiogeno con scarsa perfusione tissutale
- DAnsia che causa una risposta vasovagale
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?
- AA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
- BConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
- CUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
- DOlder adults often show infection as confusion
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has lost weight and has poor oral hygiene. Which plan is most appropriate?
- AEncourage hard, crunchy foods to strengthen the jaw muscles
- BOffer soft, lukewarm food and advise chewing on the unaffected side
- CAdvise very hot drinks to relax the facial nerves
- DTell the patient to stop brushing their teeth completely
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Which early symptoms suggest local anaesthetic systemic toxicity?
- ATingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
- BMild itching of the feet the next day
- CA red rash only at the injection site, with no other symptoms
- DIncreased hunger and thirst over several hours, with a dry mouth
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
Un paziente con una lesione elettrica ad alto voltaggio ha piccole ferite di ingresso e di uscita. Perché serve un monitoraggio attento?
- ALe lesioni elettriche non causano mai danni sotto la superficie cutanea
- BL'unico vero rischio è una lieve infezione delle ferite cutanee
- CDanno muscolare nascosto: aritmie, rabdomiolisi, danno renale
- DPiccole ferite cutanee dimostrano che anche la lesione interna deve essere lieve