Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

A raised lymphocyte count is most typical of:

1. AAllergic asthma
2. BBacterial abscesses
3. CViral infections
4. DIron deficiency

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A1,000 cells/µL
2. B50 cells/µL
3. C200 cells/µL
4. D500 cells/µL

A tuberculin skin test (TST) is read as positive. What does this mean?

1. AThe person definitely has active, contagious pulmonary TB
2. BThe person is fully immune and can never develop TB
3. CThe person has never been exposed to TB bacteria
4. DThe person has been infected with TB bacteria at some point

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply
2. BThe sodium always falls further
3. CThe sodium can rise too quickly
4. DThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AIron (low ferritin)
2. BFolate (folic acid)
3. CVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
4. DVitamin B₁₂

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
3. CIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
4. DIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes

A patient with a stable INR on warfarin starts rifampin (rifampicin) for tuberculosis. Two weeks later the INR is 1,3. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ARifampin contains a lot of vitamin K
2. BRifampin speeds up warfarin metabolism
3. CTuberculosis causes the INR to fall
4. DRifampin raises the INR, so it is wrong

Un paziente in chetoacidosi diabetica ha un potassio di 3,0 mEq/L prima dell'avvio dell'infusione di insulina. Che cosa deve aspettarsi l'infermiere?

1. ASi reintegra prima il potassio, e l'insulina attende finché il livello è sicuro secondo protocollo
2. BI liquidi vengono sospesi finché il potassio non è normale
3. CL'insulina viene avviata subito a una velocità più alta
4. DIl potassio non viene reintegrato, perché l'insulina lo aumenterà