Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

On urinalysis, dark amber urine with a high specific gravity most often suggests:

1. AConcentrated urine from low fluid intake
2. BUrine with a large amount of glucose
3. CNormal urine after drinking extra water
4. DVery dilute urine from high fluid intake

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 3,5–5,0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 22–28 mEq/L
3. CAbout 135–145 mEq/L
4. DAbout 98–106 mEq/L

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
2. BGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas
3. CFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
4. DRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin

Which instruction is correct for a patient starting oral iron tablets?

1. ATake the tablet with an antacid to improve absorption
2. BYour urine will turn bright orange while you take it
3. CTake each tablet with milk to protect the stomach
4. DYour stools may turn dark green or black

A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?

1. AThe infection has spread to another organ
2. BThe inflammation is settling with treatment
3. CThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
4. DThe patient has developed a new infection

Un paziente ha una conta piastrinica di 18 × 10³/µL. Quale misura infermieristica è appropriata?

1. ASomministrare l'acido acetilsalicilico prescritto quando il paziente ha mal di testa
2. BMisurare la temperatura per via rettale ogni quattro ore per maggiore precisione
3. CIncoraggiare l'uso del filo interdentale due volte al giorno e la rasatura con una lama affilata
4. DSpazzolino morbido, rasoio elettrico e nessuna iniezione intramuscolare

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
2. BPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
3. CA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
4. DContamination of all three samples during collection

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10,5 mmol/L), pH 7,15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
2. BSimple fasting ketosis only
3. CEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
4. DRespiratory acidosis from COPD