Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. ASerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none
2. BSerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid
3. CPlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen
4. DSerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors

How does active vitamin D (calcitriol) affect calcium?

1. AIt increases calcium absorption from the gut
2. BIt increases calcium loss in the urine
3. CIt blocks calcium absorption from the gut
4. DIt moves calcium out of the blood into cells

What does the reticulocyte count measure?

1. AImmature white blood cells released during infection
2. BOld red blood cells that are being removed by the spleen
3. CYoung red blood cells recently released from the bone marrow
4. DPlatelets that are larger than normal in size

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2,0–3,0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. AHigher, about 2,5–3,5
2. BThe same, 2,0–3,0
3. CMuch higher, about 5,0–6,0
4. DLower, about 1,0–1,5

A tired patient with heavy menstrual periods has a normal hemoglobin and MCV but a ferritin of 8 ng/mL. What does this show?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia
2. BIron overload from too much iron
3. CA completely normal iron status
4. DIron deficiency without anemia yet

When several samples are drawn at the same venipuncture, which tubes or bottles are filled first?

1. ACoagulation (citrate) tubes
2. BEDTA (complete blood count) tubes
3. CFluoride (glucose) tubes
4. DBlood culture bottles

A patient with schizophrenia drinks very large amounts of water each day. Sodium is 121 mEq/L, and the urine is very dilute (urine osmolality 70 mOsm/kg). Which explanation fits best?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH
2. BCentral diabetes insipidus
3. CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
4. DPrimary (psychogenic) polydipsia

A patient's low calcium does not improve despite several days of calcium replacement. Which other electrolyte should be checked and corrected?

1. AChloride
2. BMagnesium
3. CSodium
4. DBicarbonate