Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

How does active vitamin D (calcitriol) affect calcium?

1. AIt blocks calcium absorption from the gut
2. BIt moves calcium out of the blood into cells
3. CIt increases calcium loss in the urine
4. DIt increases calcium absorption from the gut

What does the specificity of a diagnostic test describe?

1. AThe proportion of people without the disease who test negative
2. BThe total number of people who take the test each year
3. CThe cost of the test compared with other tests
4. DThe proportion of people with the disease who test positive

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
2. BIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
3. CIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
4. DIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level

An older adult with chronic kidney disease takes glyburide (glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea) and has repeated low glucose readings. Why is this a concern?

1. AThe drug causes high potassium that lowers the glucose
2. BThe drug makes the glucose meter read falsely low
3. CThe drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
4. DThe drug stops working entirely when the kidneys fail

A patient had a total thyroidectomy yesterday. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor in the first days after surgery?

1. ASerum calcium
2. BSerum glucose
3. CSerum sodium
4. DSerum potassium

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
2. BWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
3. CImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
4. DExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever

Viene ricoverato un paziente con sodio 132 mEq/L e glicemia 600 mg/dL (33,3 mmol/L). Perché il valore del sodio si interpreta con cautela?

1. AIl risultato del sodio deve essere un errore di laboratorio
2. BIl glucosio alto richiama acqua nel sangue, diluendo il sodio
3. CIl glucosio non ha alcun effetto sul sodio misurato
4. DIl glucosio alto aumenta falsamente il sodio misurato, perciò in realtà è più basso

A patient has fatigue, weight gain and constipation. Results: TSH 24 mIU/L, free T₄ low, total cholesterol 285 mg/dL (7,4 mmol/L), sodium 131 mEq/L. What is the best interpretation?

1. ASecondary hypothyroidism from failure of the pituitary gland
2. BFamilial hypercholesterolemia, unrelated to the thyroid results
3. CHyperthyroidism, with suppressed thyroid hormone production
4. DPrimary hypothyroidism, which can raise lipids and lower sodium