Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

Quando si gonfia il bracciale della pressione sul braccio, la mano del paziente va in spasmo con il polso flesso. Quale disturbo elettrolitico suggerisce questo segno?

1. AIpernatriemia
2. BIpercalcemia
3. CIpocalcemia
4. DIperkaliemia

Qual è un tipico intervallo di riferimento negli adulti per il fosfato sierico?

1. ACirca 2,5–4,5 mg/dL (0,8–1,5 mmol/L)
2. BCirca 0,5–1,5 mg/dL (0,2–0,5 mmol/L)
3. CCirca 8,5–10,5 mg/dL (2,1–2,6 mmol/L)
4. DCirca 5,5–7,5 mg/dL (1,8–2,4 mmol/L)

Quale glicemia a digiuno rientra nell'intervallo normale tipico per un adulto senza diabete?

1. A210 mg/dL (11,7 mmol/L)
2. B140 mg/dL (7,8 mmol/L)
3. C45 mg/dL (2,5 mmol/L)
4. D85 mg/dL (4,7 mmol/L)

How often is the INR usually checked when warfarin is first started?

1. AOnce a year, at a routine visit
2. BEvery hour, during the first week
3. COnly if bleeding occurs at home
4. DEvery few days, until it is stable

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe virus has been completely cured and removed
2. BThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
3. CThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
4. DThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well

A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?

1. AThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose
2. BThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
3. CThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
4. DThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine

Un paziente con una nuova trombosi venosa profonda è in infusione di eparina e il warfarin è appena stato iniziato. Perché l'eparina viene continuata per diversi giorni?

1. AL'eparina previene gli effetti collaterali del warfarin
2. BL'eparina aumenta l'assorbimento del warfarin dall'intestino
3. CIl warfarin impiega diversi giorni per raggiungere il pieno effetto anticoagulante
4. DIl warfarin funziona solo se si somministra contemporaneamente l'eparina

A patient with thalassemia major has received regular red cell transfusions for years. The ferritin is now very high. What does this most likely show, and what treatment is used?

1. AIron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
2. BLiver failure, treated with a liver transplant at once
3. CAcute infection, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
4. DIron deficiency, treated with IV iron supplements