Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

Qual è un tipico intervallo di riferimento negli adulti per la conta piastrinica?

1. ACirca 12–16 × 10³/µL (12–16 × 10⁹/L)
2. BCirca 4,5–11 × 10³/µL (4,5–11 × 10⁹/L)
3. CCirca 1000–2000 × 10³/µL (1000–2000 × 10⁹/L)
4. DCirca 150–400 × 10³/µL (150–400 × 10⁹/L)

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
2. BMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
3. CMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
4. DMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated

Qual è un tipico intervallo di riferimento negli adulti per l'azoto ureico ematico (BUN)?

1. ACirca 7–20 mg/dL (urea 2,5–7,1 mmol/L)
2. BCirca 0,6–1,2 mg/dL (urea 0,2–0,4 mmol/L)
3. CCirca 135–145 mg/dL (urea 48–52 mmol/L)
4. DCirca 70–99 mg/dL (urea 25–35 mmol/L)

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe sodium always falls further
2. BThe sodium can rise too quickly
3. CThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia
4. DThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply

A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?

1. AA fall in blood glucose
2. BA rise in serum potassium
3. CA rise in serum uric acid
4. DA fall in serum calcium

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ASo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
2. BBecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
3. CSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
4. DBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count

A patient has a sodium of 150 mEq/L, a glucose of 180 mg/dL and a BUN of 28 mg/dL. Using the formula 2 × Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2,8, what is the calculated serum osmolality?

1. AAbout 300 mOsm/kg, which is normal
2. BAbout 358 mOsm/kg, which is high
3. CAbout 285 mOsm/kg, which is normal
4. DAbout 320 mOsm/kg, which is high

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9,8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. AGive iron and do no further tests at all
2. BRepeat the blood count in one year
3. CLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
4. DStart vitamin B₁₂ injections