Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

In una persona che non assume anticoagulanti, l'INR è tipicamente circa:

1. A5,0–6,0
2. B2,0–3,0
3. C0,8–1,2
4. D3,5–4,5

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
2. BOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
3. CThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

Which laboratory test is used to diagnose sickle cell disease?

1. AHemoglobin electrophoresis
2. BProthrombin time with INR
3. CErythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. DSerum ferritin and transferrin saturation

A patient has weight loss, tremor and heat intolerance. Which thyroid test pattern fits Graves disease?

1. ALow TSH with a high free T₄
2. BHigh TSH with a normal free T₄
3. CNormal TSH with a low free T₄
4. DHigh TSH with a low free T₄

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
2. BTo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
3. CTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid
4. DTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ASkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
2. BThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
3. CThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
4. DDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea

A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B₁₂ and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?

1. AHemolytic anemia, treated with blood transfusion
2. BFolate deficiency, treated with folic acid only
3. CIron deficiency, treated with oral iron tablets
4. DPernicious anemia, treated with B₁₂ injections

Dopo un intervento, un paziente che riceve grandi volumi di liquido endovenoso ipotonico sviluppa mal di testa, nausea e confusione. Quale risultato spiega meglio il quadro?

1. AUna glicemia di 110 mg/dL (6,1 mmol/L)
2. BUn potassio di 4,2 mEq/L
3. CUn calcio di 9,4 mg/dL (2,35 mmol/L)
4. DUn sodio di 126 mEq/L