Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

Qual è il principale catione nel liquido intracellulare?

1. ACloruro
2. BSodio
3. CCalcio
4. DPotassio

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
2. BRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
3. CGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas
4. DFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs

A raised neutrophil count (neutrophilia) is most typical of:

1. AAcute bacterial infection
2. BA mild viral cold
3. CHay fever and asthma
4. DVitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
2. BIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
3. CIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
4. DIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together

Un paziente ha un ematocrito del 54%, un BUN alto e un peso specifico urinario di 1,034. Che cosa suggerisce questo quadro?

1. ADisidratazione con emoconcentrazione
2. BPerdita acuta di sangue con diluizione
3. CInsufficienza renale con urina diluita
4. DSovraccarico di liquidi

When blood is drawn from a central venous catheter, why is a small volume of blood usually discarded first, according to policy?

1. ATo lower the patient's hemoglobin for a blood transfusion
2. BTo check that the catheter tip is still in the right vein
3. CTo remove blood clots that form in all central lines
4. DTo avoid diluting the sample with flush or infusion fluid

A patient taking isoniazid for latent TB reports nausea, loss of appetite and dark urine. The ALT is five times the upper limit of normal. What is the best action?

1. AReassure the patient that dark urine is a harmless drug effect
2. BHold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once
3. CContinue the isoniazid and give it with food to settle the stomach
4. DDouble the dose to finish the treatment course more quickly

Un paziente ha assunto una grande overdose di paracetamolo 24 ore fa. Quali alterazioni di laboratorio sono più attese?

1. AALT e AST basse e un INR basso
2. BUna troponina alta con ALT normale
3. CUna conta dei globuli bianchi bassa con esami epatici normali
4. DALT e AST molto alte e un INR in aumento