Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA chest that moves inward on breathing in
2. BA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping
3. CA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth
4. DA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs

Che cosa misura un misuratore di picco di flusso?

1. ALa saturazione di ossigeno del sangue
2. BIl volume totale di aria che i polmoni possono contenere
3. CLa velocità massima dell'aria che una persona riesce a soffiare fuori
4. DQuanti respiri compie una persona al minuto

What is the normal resting respiratory rate for an adult?

1. A12–20 breaths per minute
2. B24–30 breaths per minute
3. C6–10 breaths per minute
4. D30–40 breaths per minute

A patient who had a stroke has a weak swallow. Which measure most reduces the risk of aspiration pneumonia?

1. AGiving meals while the patient is drowsy
2. BGiving thin fluids quickly through a straw between meals
3. CA swallowing assessment and sitting upright for meals
4. DLying flat for 30 minutes after eating to aid digestion

Which finding shows that long-standing hypertension has caused target organ damage?

1. AA heart rate of 72/min
2. BClear lung fields on the chest X-ray
3. CA normal fasting glucose
4. DLeft ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ABelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
2. BHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
3. CNormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h
4. DNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries
2. BVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
3. CGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes
4. DGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis

A nurse receives handover on four patients. Which patient should be seen first?

1. AA patient on day 1 after surgery who is newly restless, RR 30/min, SpO₂ 88% on 4 L/min
2. BA patient with asthma who wants a reliever inhaler before a walk
3. CA patient with COPD on 1 L/min whose SpO₂ has been 89% and stable throughout the night
4. DA patient with pneumonia on IV antibiotics who now has a temperature of 38,2 °C