Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is the usual SpO₂ of a healthy adult at rest breathing room air?

1. AAbout 80–85%
2. BAbout 60–65%
3. CAbout 95–100%
4. DAbout 70–75%

What does a nebuliser do?

1. AIt warms and filters the air entering a tracheostomy tube
2. BIt sucks secretions out of the airway
3. CIt measures the level of oxygen in the blood through the skin
4. DIt turns a liquid medicine into a fine mist to breathe in

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
2. BIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
3. CIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
4. DIt moves mucus up towards the throat

A patient taking isosorbide mononitrate asks about sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main danger?

1. ASevere hypotension
2. BSevere hypertension
3. CA very high potassium level
4. DBleeding from the gums

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. AWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet
2. BCut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure
3. CUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
4. DCheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
3. CAcute pericarditis
4. DVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina

A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?

1. ADocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
2. BStart chest compressions
3. CCancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently
4. DGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
3. CVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
4. DVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth