Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
2. BIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
3. CIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
4. DIt moves mucus up towards the throat

What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?

1. ATilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly
2. BBlow the nose hard to clear the clots
3. CSit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes
4. DLie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour

What is a pneumothorax?

1. APus collecting in the pleural space
2. BFluid in the alveoli caused by heart failure
3. CInflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
4. DAir in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

Secondo le linee guida attuali, quando va somministrato ossigeno a un paziente con sindrome coronarica acuta?

1. AMai, perché l'ossigeno danneggia il muscolo cardiaco
2. BSolo quando la SpO₂ è sotto l'intervallo target
3. CSolo dopo che è disponibile il risultato della troponina
4. DSempre a 15 L/min, qualunque sia la saturazione

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. AThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
2. BTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
3. CTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
4. DThe first sample is always contaminated

Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?

1. AHanging down over the side of the bed
2. BKept still in a standing position for long periods
3. CCrossed at the knees while sitting
4. DRaised above the level of the heart when resting

A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?

1. AA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
2. BEncouraging long walks to build fitness
3. CStopping all medicines, including inhalers
4. DHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is

A un paziente in terapia con warfarin per fibrillazione atriale viene prescritta claritromicina. Quale azione è più appropriata?

1. AChiedere se l'INR vada controllato prima, perché potrebbe aumentare
2. BNon cambiare nulla, perché gli antibiotici non influenzano il warfarin
3. CSospendere il warfarin per tutta la durata della terapia antibiotica
4. DRaddoppiare la dose di warfarin durante la terapia