Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AAllergic rhinitis
2. BA viral common cold
3. COral thrush
4. DPneumococcal pneumonia

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. ACigarette smoking
2. BA viral infection
3. CEating too much salt
4. DChildhood asthma

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. ACorynebacterium diphtheriae
2. BStaphylococcus aureus
3. CMycobacterium tuberculosis
4. DPseudomonas aeruginosa

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass III
2. BClass I
3. CClass IV
4. DClass II

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA single sample after the first week of treatment
2. BSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum
3. CA swab from the nose only
4. DOne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast
2. BIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
3. CIt dilates the arteries throughout the body
4. DIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling

A patient had 40 minutes of chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression without ST elevation, and the troponin is rising. What is the diagnosis?

1. AStable angina
2. BNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
3. CAcute pericarditis
4. DST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. ARestart the infusion at a slower rate
2. BGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour
3. CGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
4. DGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)