Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. ABreathing room air
2. BA regular pulse of 80/min
3. CCarbon monoxide poisoning
4. DA warm hand at rest

Quale sintomo è tipico dell'arteriopatia periferica?

1. ACrampo al polpaccio camminando che passa con il riposo
2. BPelle bruna e pruriginosa attorno alle caviglie
3. CUn polpaccio caldo, rosso e gonfio da un lato
4. DGonfiore alle caviglie che peggiora durante il giorno e migliora nella notte

Which definition best describes heart failure?

1. AThe heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
2. BThe heart beats faster than 150 beats per minute for over an hour
3. CA coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a clot
4. DThe heart has completely stopped beating and there is no pulse

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
2. BThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
3. CDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea
4. DHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. AReduced peripheral perfusion
2. BAn unusually strong cardiac output
3. CA high haemoglobin level
4. DNormal peripheral perfusion

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. APale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
2. BA cold, white foot with no pulse
3. CBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
4. DA sharply defined red patch with fever

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. AA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
2. BA large difference in blood pressure between the arms
3. CPain that started at rest
4. DSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain

A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
2. BIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
3. CAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion
4. DBack pain causing kidney damage