Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. AAsthma
2. BPneumothorax
3. CLung cancer
4. DEmphysema

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe sternocleidomastoid
2. BThe trapezius
3. CThe diaphragm
4. DThe abdominal muscles

Which test is classically used to diagnose cystic fibrosis?

1. ASweat chloride test
2. BD-dimer test
3. CTuberculin skin test
4. DPeak flow test

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ARub the fingers hard with snow during an attack
2. BTake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
3. CKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
4. DSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
3. CMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser
4. DRun it at the highest possible gas flow

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AA tall, thin young man who smokes
2. BA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
3. CAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
4. DA child with a viral sore throat

Un paziente con sostituzione valvolare mitralica meccanica in terapia con warfarin ha un INR di 2,2. Che cosa deve considerare l'infermiere?

1. AL'INR può essere sotto il target più alto di questo paziente, perciò va verificato e segnalato
2. BL'INR è nell'intervallo per qualsiasi indicazione al warfarin, perciò non serve alcuna azione
3. CL'INR è pericolosamente alto e la dose va sospesa
4. DL'INR dovrebbe essere circa 1,0 con le valvole meccaniche

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. APEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
2. BHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
3. CPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
4. DPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries