Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

1. AThe mitral valve
2. BThe tricuspid valve
3. CThe pulmonary valve
4. DThe aortic valve

Which vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis?

1. ABCG
2. BHPV
3. CMMR
4. DDTaP

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open
2. BThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
3. CThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
4. DThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
2. BBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
3. CSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
4. DThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
2. BBoth types need no medicines after surgery
3. CMechanical valves wear out within one year
4. DBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a steroid inhaler at the same times each day. Which order is usually taught?

1. ABoth inhalers puffed together in one breath
2. BSalbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait
3. CSteroid first, then salbutamol straight afterwards
4. DThe order makes no difference to either drug

A nurse has four cardiac patients. Which one should be seen first?

1. AA patient with AF and a heart rate of 86/min who is due an apixaban dose this morning
2. BA patient after a radial angiogram asking when they can eat
3. CA patient with heart failure whose weight is 0,3 kg up on yesterday's morning weight
4. DA patient with angina whose chest pain has not eased with rest and who is sweating

A patient with an inferior myocardial infarction develops complete heart block with a heart rate of 38/min. What is the most likely reason?

1. AInferior infarcts always destroy the bundle of His permanently
2. BThe right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
3. CHeart block is caused by the thrombolytic drug
4. DThe left anterior descending artery supplies the SA node only