Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Qual è la complicanza più grave della trombosi venosa profonda?

1. AEmbolia polmonare
2. BTromboflebite superficiale
3. CVene varicose
4. DGonfiore post-trombotico della gamba

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. ABreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
2. BOrange-red colouring of the urine
3. CHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
4. DA persistent dry, tickly cough

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
2. BThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
3. CThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
4. DThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser
2. BIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
3. CWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
4. DIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own

How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?

1. ATake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
2. BTake the average of ten blows after exercise
3. CBlow only during an asthma attack, never when well
4. DTake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
2. BA large oral dose of digoxin
3. CAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
4. DChest compressions until the rate slows

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AStopping now will make the operation more dangerous
2. BStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
3. CIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
4. DSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases

A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
2. BWhether a fourth drug can be added at today's appointment
3. CWhether the readings should be ignored
4. DWhether the patient needs surgery on the renal arteries