Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe heart muscle itself
2. BThe inner lining of the heart chambers
3. CThe coronary arteries
4. DThe sac that surrounds the heart

Which test is used to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA plain chest X-ray
2. BAn abdominal ultrasound scan
3. CA resting 12-lead ECG
4. DA peak expiratory flow test

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. ABlood flowing quickly into the atria
2. BThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
3. CClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
4. DClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse
2. BInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker
3. CThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
4. DSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
2. BAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
3. CLie flat on the back with the legs straight
4. DHold the breath for as long as possible

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. AHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
2. BBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
3. CNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring
4. DNormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h

Il drenaggio toracico di un paziente viene sfilato accidentalmente. Qual è l'azione immediata?

1. ASpingere il drenaggio di nuovo nel torace e fissarlo con del cerotto
2. BSigillare il sito con una medicazione occlusiva sterile e chiedere aiuto
3. CLasciare il foro scoperto così l'aria intrappolata può uscire
4. DChiedere al paziente di tossire forte per espandere il polmone

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. AA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury
2. BNormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing
3. CA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall
4. DA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place