Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is most strongly linked with which factor?

1. ASmoking tobacco
2. BLack of sleep
3. CDrinking coffee
4. DA high-salt diet

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. AAsthma
2. BEmphysema
3. CLung cancer
4. DPneumothorax

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt closes the aortic valve
2. BIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node
3. CIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
4. DIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
2. BStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
3. CStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol
4. DStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high

A patient on furosemide has a serum potassium of 3,0 mmol/L (3,0 mEq/L). Which symptoms may this cause?

1. AFacial flushing, fever and a skin rash
2. BMuscle weakness, cramps and an irregular pulse
3. CSevere headache and a stiff neck
4. DTingling around the lips and painful spasm of the hands

La pressione arteriosa di un paziente è 200/125 mmHg con nuova confusione e visione offuscata. Come va di solito abbassata?

1. APer niente, perché il cervello ora dipende dalla pressione alta
2. BCon farmaci EV titolati, di circa il 25% al massimo nella prima ora
3. CCon una nuova compressa per via orale e controllo tra una settimana
4. DIl più rapidamente possibile, fino a un valore normale in pochi minuti

A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?

1. ABreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her
2. BShe should be sent home after a sedative
3. CThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
4. DLow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough
2. BStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
3. CWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing
4. DKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles