Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?

1. ASinus rhythm and sinus tachycardia with a normal pulse
2. BAsystole and pulseless electrical activity with a slow rate
3. CAtrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
4. DVentricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Which colour change is typical of Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. AFingers turn white, then blue, then red
2. BFingers turn yellow, then green, then brown
3. CFingers stay red and hot for several days
4. DThe whole arm turns pale and then black

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
2. BThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
3. CThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open
4. DThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ABoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
2. BThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
3. CThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive IV amiodarone as a bolus
2. BDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
3. CStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
4. DCheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact

Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?

1. AKept still in a standing position for long periods
2. BCrossed at the knees while sitting
3. CRaised above the level of the heart when resting
4. DHanging down over the side of the bed

During a thrombolytic infusion for an MI, the patient develops a sudden severe headache, vomiting and new confusion. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a second dose to finish the treatment
2. BContinue the infusion, as headache is a common side effect
3. CSlow the infusion and give an antiemetic
4. DStop the infusion and call for urgent medical help

Un paziente con scompenso cardiaco è aumentato di 2,5 kg in tre giorni, ha nuovi rantoli a entrambe le basi e ora dorme con quattro cuscini. PA 138/84 mmHg, SpO₂ 93% in aria ambiente. Qual è la priorità?

1. AIncoraggiare liquidi orali extra per proteggere i reni
2. BFar sdraiare il paziente per far riposare il cuore e ridurre il fabbisogno
3. CRegistrare il peso e ricontrollarlo alla fine della settimana successiva
4. DMettere il paziente seduto, valutarlo a fondo e segnalare il sovraccarico di liquidi