Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

In an adult over 40, an added third heart sound (S3) most often suggests which problem?

1. AA narrowed aortic valve
2. BInflammation of the pericardium
3. CA normal finding of good fitness
4. DHeart failure with fluid overload

In a tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea usually shift?

1. AUpwards towards the chin
2. BIt never moves in a pneumothorax
3. CTowards the affected side
4. DAway from the affected side

What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?

1. ALow blood pressure
2. BA high-protein diet
3. CDrinking coffee
4. DCigarette smoking

Un paziente con dolore toracico chiede nitroglicerina. Quale informazione significa che l'infermiere deve sospenderla e contattare il prescrittore?

1. AIl paziente ha avuto mal di testa la settimana scorsa
2. BIl paziente assume una statina ogni giorno
3. CLa pressione arteriosa del paziente è 150/90 mmHg
4. DIl paziente ha assunto sildenafil oggi

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
3. CBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
4. DSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning

Which ECG finding is typical of atrial flutter?

1. AA chaotic baseline with no clear P waves and irregular QRS
2. BP waves with no relationship to the QRS complexes
3. CWide, bizarre QRS complexes at 180/min
4. DRegular sawtooth flutter waves between QRS complexes

A patient receiving noradrenaline (norepinephrine) through a peripheral cannula has pale, cold skin around the site. What should the nurse do?

1. AContinue the infusion, as this is expected
2. BIncrease the rate so the drug enters the vein faster and leaks less
3. CMassage the area firmly to spread the drug out into the surrounding tissue
4. DStop it at that site, inform the team and follow the extravasation policy

A nurse is reviewing four telemetry patients. Which rhythm needs attention first?

1. ASinus bradycardia of 54/min in a patient who is asleep and comfortable
2. BRepeated runs of ventricular tachycardia in a patient who feels dizzy
3. CRate-controlled atrial fibrillation at 82/min
4. DFirst-degree heart block with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms