Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is the usual SpO₂ of a healthy adult at rest breathing room air?

1. AAbout 70–75%
2. BAbout 95–100%
3. CAbout 80–85%
4. DAbout 60–65%

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AA persistent dry, tickly cough
2. BOrange-red colouring of the urine
3. CHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
4. DBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)

Quale intervento rallenta in modo più efficace la progressione della BPCO in un fumatore?

1. AAntibiotici orali a lungo termine
2. BSmettere di fumare
3. CCorticosteroidi orali quotidiani
4. DOssigeno domiciliare a lungo termine

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
2. BThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
3. CIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
4. DThe patch works only during the night

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
2. BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
3. CIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
4. DIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears

Perché un beta-bloccante non va sospeso bruscamente in un paziente con cardiopatia ischemica?

1. AIl farmaco resta immagazzinato nei tessuti per diversi mesi dopo
2. BTachicardia e ipertensione da rimbalzo possono scatenare angina o infarto
3. CL'interruzione improvvisa causa una grave e prolungata ipoglicemia
4. DIn seguito la frequenza cardiaca resta permanentemente lenta

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ARespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
2. BDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
3. CGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
4. DTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery

Un paziente con BPCO con maschera Venturi al 28% (SpO₂ 90%) vuole consumare un pasto. Qual è il piano più appropriato?

1. APassare a una maschera senza reinalazione a 15 L/min durante il pasto
2. BPassare a una cannula nasale a basso flusso, mantenendo la SpO₂ all'88–92%
3. CTenere la maschera Venturi e dare solo liquidi con una cannuccia
4. DTogliere tutto l'ossigeno durante il pasto e rimetterlo dopo