Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. ALung cancer
2. BPneumothorax
3. CAsthma
4. DEmphysema

Quale effetto collaterale della nitroglicerina (trinitrato di glicerile) è il più comune?

1. ATosse secca
2. BCefalea
3. CStitichezza
4. DGonfiore alle caviglie

Quando andrebbe idealmente raccolto un campione di espettorato per la coltura in caso di sospetta polmonite?

1. APrima della prima dose di antibiotico, senza ritardarla
2. BSolo se non c'è miglioramento dopo una settimana
3. CIn qualsiasi momento, perché gli antibiotici non influenzano le colture
4. DDopo tre giorni di trattamento antibiotico

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AA chest X-ray
2. BA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
3. CStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
4. DAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BEssential hypertension of ageing
3. CPrimary hyperaldosteronism
4. DIron-deficiency anaemia

What is the purpose of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (a biventricular pacemaker)?

1. ATo deliver a shock whenever the heart rate exceeds 100/min
2. BTo make both ventricles contract together and more efficiently
3. CTo slow the atrial rate in patients with atrial fibrillation
4. DTo replace a damaged heart valve

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. APulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic
2. BWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
3. CNormal recovery; no action is needed
4. DAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
2. BCall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
3. CLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube
4. DForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure