Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Come si somministrano spray o compresse di nitroglicerina (trinitrato di glicerile) per l'angina?

1. AMasticate e ingerite dopo un pasto
2. BSotto la lingua, con il paziente seduto
3. CIngerite intere con un bicchiere d'acqua
4. DSotto la lingua, con il paziente in piedi ben dritto

During manual blood pressure measurement, what does the first clear tapping sound (Korotkoff phase 1) mark?

1. AThe systolic pressure
2. BThe pulse pressure
3. CThe mean arterial pressure
4. DThe diastolic pressure

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AStandard precautions only
2. BAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
3. CContact precautions with gloves only
4. DProtective isolation for the patient's own sake

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
3. CThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting
4. DBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. ALift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
2. BAvoid walking until the stitches are removed
3. CAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms
4. DSleep only on the stomach to protect the wound

After thrombolysis for a myocardial infarction, which complication is the nurse most concerned to detect?

1. AConstipation from bed rest
2. BBleeding, including a sudden change in neurological status
3. CA high blood glucose caused by the thrombolytic drug itself
4. DA skin rash appearing at the sites of the ECG electrodes

A patient with known left-sided lung cancer starts coughing up large amounts of fresh blood. While help is called, how should the patient be positioned?

1. AFlat on the back with the head down
2. BLying on the left side, with the bleeding lung down
3. CProne with the head turned to one side
4. DLying on the right side, with the bleeding lung up

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
2. BHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
3. COxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula
4. DReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal