Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe renal artery
2. BThe loop of Henle
3. CThe collecting duct only
4. DThe glomerulus

What is the "calf muscle pump"?

1. AA device that inflates around the calf during surgery to warm the leg
2. BCalf muscles squeezing the deep veins to push blood towards the heart
3. CThe artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles of the calf
4. DA heart valve that pumps blood into the legs

What does a nebuliser do?

1. AIt turns a liquid medicine into a fine mist to breathe in
2. BIt warms and filters the air entering a tracheostomy tube
3. CIt measures the level of oxygen in the blood through the skin
4. DIt sucks secretions out of the airway

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. AFlat on the back with no pillows
2. BProne with the head down
3. CLying on the right side, with the affected lung down
4. DLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
2. BThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
3. CThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
4. DThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. ABoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
2. BThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
3. CSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
4. DThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting

Un infermiere sta pianificando l'assistenza per quattro pazienti. Quale paziente va valutato per primo?

1. AUn paziente con scompenso cardiaco stabile che aspetta il peso giornaliero
2. BUn paziente con ipertensione controllata che chiede del sale
3. CUn paziente con un'ulcera venosa che deve cambiare la medicazione
4. DUn paziente con BPCO la cui SpO₂ è scesa dal 90% all'83% con nuova sonnolenza

A patient with life-threatening asthma has not responded to repeated nebulised salbutamol (albuterol), ipratropium and steroids. Which drug is commonly given intravenously next?

1. AMorphine
2. BMagnesium sulfate
3. CIntravenous furosemide
4. DMetoprolol