Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Quale sintomo è tipico dell'arteriopatia periferica?

1. AGonfiore alle caviglie che peggiora durante il giorno e migliora nella notte
2. BUn polpaccio caldo, rosso e gonfio da un lato
3. CCrampo al polpaccio camminando che passa con il riposo
4. DPelle bruna e pruriginosa attorno alle caviglie

Together with fever, which finding should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis?

1. AA slow heart rate
2. BPain in one calf
3. CA dry, tickly cough
4. DA new heart murmur

Quale gruppo di reperti è tipico della polmonite batterica?

1. ASibilo che scompare del tutto in pochi minuti con un inalatore al bisogno
2. BDolore toracico improvviso con polmoni liberi e senza febbre
3. CFebbre, tosse produttiva e rantoli in un'unica area
4. DTorace a botte e mancanza di respiro da molti anni

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal leg circulation
2. BStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
3. CA deep vein thrombosis
4. DSignificant peripheral arterial disease

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
2. BKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
3. CTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
4. DExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
2. BExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
3. CExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all
4. DExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly

A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?

1. AGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min
2. BDocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
3. CStart chest compressions
4. DCancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
2. BIt treats infection; the risk is fever
3. CIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
4. DIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement