Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis?

1. AMMR
2. BHPV
3. CDTaP
4. DBCG

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

1. AClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
2. BThe heart muscle stretching in diastole
3. CClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
4. DBlood flowing quickly into the atria

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
3. CBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
4. DBy mouth, crushed and given with water

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent loss of colour vision
2. BTo prevent orange discolouration of urine
3. CTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
4. DTo prevent gout attacks

A patient with COPD is prescribed long-term oxygen therapy. How many hours a day is it usually needed to improve survival?

1. AOnly when walking outside
2. BAbout one hour each morning
3. CAt least 15 hours a day
4. DOnly during meals

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
2. BAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
3. CMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
4. DDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves

Un paziente con ipertensione nota ha una PA di 186/112 mmHg senza sintomi e senza segni di danno d'organo. Quale risposta è più appropriata?

1. ASomministrare un bolo EV di antipertensivo per raggiungere 120/80 mmHg in 15 minuti
2. BRicontrollarla, segnalarla e prevedere un trattamento orale nell'arco di ore o giorni
3. CNon fare nulla, perché il paziente sta bene e non ha sintomi
4. DChiamare il team per l'arresto cardiaco e prepararsi all'intubazione

An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?

1. ACommunity-acquired pneumonia
2. BSpontaneous pneumothorax
3. CAn acute asthma attack
4. DIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis