Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae?

1. AThe left ventricle
2. BThe right ventricle
3. CThe left atrium
4. DThe right atrium

Perché l'ipertensione viene spesso definita un "killer silenzioso"?

1. ASi può scoprire solo con un esame del sangue
2. BDà sempre mal di testa che i pazienti imparano a ignorare
3. CSi verifica soprattutto di notte durante il sonno
4. DSpesso non dà sintomi mentre danneggia gli organi

What is Kussmaul breathing?

1. ANoisy breathing caused by a blocked upper airway
2. BDeep, rapid breathing in response to metabolic acidosis
3. CVery slow, shallow breathing from opioids
4. DBreathing that alternates between deep breaths and pauses

Quale combinazione di classi di farmaci migliora la sopravvivenza nello scompenso cardiaco con frazione di eiezione ridotta?

1. ADiuretico dell'ansa, digossina, nitrato e un calcio-antagonista
2. BACE-inibitore o ARNI, beta-bloccante, MRA e inibitore di SGLT2
3. CUn diuretico dell'ansa da solo alla massima dose tollerata
4. DUn FANS, aspirina, una statina e un diuretico tiazidico

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AEssential hypertension of ageing
2. BHypothyroidism
3. CPrimary hyperaldosteronism
4. DIron-deficiency anaemia

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
2. BBP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
3. CBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
4. DBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. AArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
2. BTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
3. CGive IV adenosine
4. DGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AAn asthma attack
2. BDecompensated heart failure
3. CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
4. DHyperventilation from anxiety