Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologica con soluzioni

What is an escharotomy?

1. ARemoval of the whole limb after a deep, extensive burn
2. BA cut through burned, tight skin to relieve pressure
3. CPlacing a skin graft on a burn
4. DDraining a blister with a needle

Which lifestyle advice helps reduce night-time reflux symptoms?

1. ASleep flat on several pillows placed under the knees
2. BNo food for 3 hours before bed, with the head of the bed raised
3. CDrink a large glass of fizzy water before lying down
4. DHave the largest meal of the day just before going to bed to aid sleep

What is dumping syndrome after gastric surgery?

1. ALeakage of bile from the liver into the abdominal cavity
2. BRapid passage of food from the stomach into the small bowel
3. CSlow emptying of the stomach causing food to stay for days
4. DReflux of bowel contents back into the oesophagus

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. AThe kidneys stop making urine completely
2. BThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
3. CPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days
4. DLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues

In the SBAR communication tool, what belongs under "A"?

1. AThe nurse's assessment of what the problem is
2. BA list of the patient's allergies only
3. CThe patient's admission date only
4. DThe address and phone number of the patient's next of kin

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day
2. BRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
3. CMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
4. DUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion

Four patients from a house fire arrive in the emergency department. Which should the nurse assess first?

1. APartial-thickness burns to both legs, with pain rated 8/10
2. BCircumferential chest burns, with breathing becoming shallow and laboured
3. CRedness on the backs of both hands, and very anxious
4. DA blistered forearm burn and a small cut on the knee

A patient with lung cancer becomes hypotensive and breathless, with distended neck veins and quiet heart sounds. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypercalcaemia of malignancy from bone metastases
2. BCardiac tamponade from a pericardial effusion
3. CSuperior vena cava obstruction from the tumour
4. DA side effect of anti-sickness drugs