Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologica con soluzioni

What is cancer cachexia?

1. AA fever that occurs after every chemotherapy cycle and lasts several days
2. BSevere loss of weight and muscle that diet alone does not reverse
3. CA skin rash from radiotherapy
4. DWeight gain caused by steroid treatment

How is hepatitis B mainly spread?

1. AOnly by coughing and sneezing
2. BThrough touching door handles and shaking hands
3. COnly by eating undercooked shellfish from polluted water
4. DThrough blood, sexual contact and from mother to baby

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ARising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
2. BNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
3. CHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
4. DSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands

Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?

1. AKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
2. BDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
3. CStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
4. DAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
2. BThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
3. CThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
4. DThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. ASystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
2. BStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
3. CPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly
4. DAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain

During preoperative assessment, a patient says their brother had a "very high fever" during an anaesthetic. What is the most important action?

1. AGive paracetamol before surgery to prevent fever
2. BInform the anaesthetist, as malignant hyperthermia may run in the family
3. CRecord it as a family allergy to paracetamol
4. DReassure the patient that fevers after anaesthesia are always harmless

A nurse finds a dislodged sealed radiation source in the bed of a patient receiving brachytherapy. What should the nurse do?

1. APick it up with gloved hands and put it in the nearest sharps bin quickly
2. BThrow it in the clinical waste bag
3. CUse long-handled forceps to put it in the lead container; report it
4. DLeave it in the bed until the end of the shift