Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which picture is typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. ARising weakness from the legs, weeks after an infection
2. BMuscle weakness that worsens late in the day and improves with rest
3. CA sudden one-sided facial droop with slurred speech
4. DA resting tremor that slowly spreads to the other hand

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
2. BMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation
3. CAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
4. DThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord

Which group of features defines nephrotic syndrome?

1. ABlood in the urine, high BP and low urine output
2. BHeavy proteinuria, low albumin and oedema
3. CPainful urination, fever and frequency
4. DSevere loin pain that spreads to the groin

A patient has radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. Which advice is correct?

1. AStay in strict isolation in hospital for several months
2. BThere are no precautions, because the dose is tiny
3. CStart breastfeeding again the next day
4. DLimit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time

Quale affermazione sulla somministrazione di fenitoina EV è corretta?

1. ASi somministra in cloruro di sodio allo 0,9% con monitoraggio cardiaco
2. BVa iniettata rapidamente in pochi secondi
3. CPuò essere miscelata in qualsiasi infusione di glucosio
4. DNon richiede monitoraggio del ritmo cardiaco né della pressione arteriosa

A patient with migraine takes painkillers or triptans on most days and now has a headache almost every day. What is the likely problem?

1. ANormal progress of migraine
2. BAn allergy to the painkillers
3. CMedication overuse headache
4. DA brain tumour, which is almost certain

A patient with suspected meningitis has a GCS of 9 and pupils that have become unequal. A doctor plans an immediate lumbar puncture. What is the main concern?

1. AThe patient is too confused to stay still, so it is not needed
2. BRaised pressure in the skull, so the procedure could cause herniation
3. CA lumbar puncture would spread the infection to the blood
4. DThere is no concern, because the lumbar puncture lowers pressure safely

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. ATreat the confusion with a sedative
2. BGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
3. CEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
4. DStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids