Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 90 mL/min/1,73 m²
2. BBelow 60 mL/min/1,73 m²
3. CBelow 120 mL/min/1,73 m²
4. DBelow 15 mL/min/1,73 m²

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. AAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle
2. BLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra
3. CToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia
4. DLoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord

In primary hypothyroidism, what is the usual TSH result?

1. ANormal
2. BUndetectable
3. CHigh
4. DLow

A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?

1. AThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys
2. BThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
3. CProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion
4. DThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. ASigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse
2. BThe colour of the patient's skin on the face
3. CThe temperature every four hours only
4. DThe patient's appetite at the next meal

A patient with multiple sclerosis says their symptoms get worse after a hot bath. What should the nurse explain?

1. AHeat can briefly worsen MS symptoms, which settle when they cool down
2. BThey should take very cold baths to reverse the damage
3. CThis shows that the disease has entered a new progressive stage
4. DHot baths cause new areas of damage in the brain

Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the needles
2. BFluid is being removed too quickly
3. CNot enough fluid is being removed
4. DThe dialysate is too cold

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1,8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. AAcute pyelonephritis
2. BA urethral stricture
3. CNephritic syndrome
4. DNephrotic syndrome